Viticulture

In the historical development process, our people have made a vivid monument by generating hundreds of valuable grape varieties using popular selection method. It is clear from history, local data and ampelographic studies that about 400 grape varieties were planted and cultivated in time in Azerbaijan.

That is very gratifying thing that the world's most productive, high quality and valuable grape-raisin varieties (Agh shani, Gara shani, Bayanshire, Shirvanshahı, Madrasa, Tabrizi, Huseyni, Hamashara, Girmizi seabi, Agh kishmish, Agh oval kishmish, Chahrayi kishmish, Girmizi kishmish, Novrast, Agh Khalili, Sgabrani, Shamakhy's marandi etc.) distinguished by beautiful appearance is cultivated in our country.

Shirvanshahi - technical grape variety of Azerbaijan is the sugar know for the high sugariness in the world. 27-33 gram/100 sm3 sugar is collected in the berries of the grape during the full ripening period. In its turn, Bayanshire is one of the most productive varieties in the world. Its productivity reaches 11-16 kg depending on the type of cavity and is even higher in high agro-technical conditions.

Grape varieties of Azerbaijan are quite different for its richness, maturation, productivity, quality, appearance, shape and size of bunch and berries, colourfulness of berries, diseases and pests, storage and transportation-resistant features, directions of usage (table, technical, universal, raisin), and taste qualities etc. features.

The rich grape genofond of Azerbaijan is characterized by a number of features. The followings are grape varieties of economic significance for the different below reasons: color of berry (Agh shani, Gara shani, Ala shani, Sarigile, Girmizi sahibi, Agh seabi, Gara uzum, Gizil uzum, Girmizi uzum, Girmizi chilayi, Gara sarma, Gara, agh, girmizi an gahvayi kishmish etc.), quality, taste, aroma of the product (Nakchivan's muscat, Gulabi, kishmish (raisin) varieties, Shakari, Tambeyi, Shireyi, Gara gand uzum etc.), appearance of bunch and berry (Gushurayi, Misgali, Alinja, Davagozu, Tulagozu, Kechimamasi, Inakamjayi, Gelinbarmagy, Khatun barmack, Gozal uzum, Irisalkhimli etc.), early time of ripening (Agh khalili, Gara khalili, Kurdashi etc.), thickness of the crust and firmness of the pulp (Khart-khart, Dash uzum, Dash kishmishi, Dash marandi etc s.), for the large size of berry and bunch (Hachabash, Bandi, Nərgizi, Gizim uzum, Tabarza, Gulabi, Kahraba etc.), therapeutic significance and daily use (Sari Shafeyi, Hanagirna, Agh aldara, Shakarbura etc.), wide prevalence and location names (Tabrizi, Beylagani, Bayanshire, Madrasa, Shirvanshahi, Ordubadi, Shakhtakhti, Shabrani, Darbandi, Fatmayi, Salyan uzumu, Agh Aldara, Khazari etc.)

These varieties are popular not only in their homeland, but also in many grape growing countries of the world, and are cultivated along with other varieties. Grape varieties cultivated with the local selection method has escaped from the disadvantaged situations of the nature, have been preserved till today and have been adapted to the local situation. Local grape varieties have also played an indispensable role in the development of viticulture. Actually, up to 60 per cent of industrial grape vineyards in our country were the areas once cultivated with local grape varieties. In addition, our local people have always cultivated local grape varieties at their housekeeping farms and preserved these varieties at all times.

Table grape sorts: Ayiboghan, Absheron khatinisi, Absheron kechiamjayi, Absheron gizil uzumu, Absheron galinbarmaghi, Agh uzum, Agh darbandi, Agh goybandamç Agh zavra, Agh Khalili, Agh gushurayi, Agh shani, Agh tayfi, Ala shani, Alikhanli bay uzumu, Alikhanli kechimamasi, Alikhanli gara gozu, Bandi, Beylagan huseynisi, Bullur, Javangir uzumu, Alimammad uzumu, Alvan, Fatmayi, Galinbarmaghi, Gozal uzum, Gulabi, Haji Abbas uzumu, Hachabash, Khatinbarmaghi, Khatini, Khurmayi, Kal uzum, Kahraba, Gara shani, Gara goybandam, Gara Khalili, Garagoz, Gara kurdhashi, Gara pishraz, Gara shefayi, Gara yay uzumu, Girmizi huseyni, Girmizi inakamjayi, Girmizi tayfi, Girmizi sahibi, Girmizi seabi, Girmizi shefayi, Gizili sabza, Mahmudu, Marandil, Mahmudu, Misgali, Nakhchivan huseynisi, Nakhchivan girmizi shani, Nakhchivan agh tayfi, Nakhchivan inakamjayi, Nakhchivan kechiamjayi, Nakhchivan gara shani, Nakhchivan gizil uzumu, Nabi, Nagshabi, Rishbaba, Sari shefayi, Sarigile, Sultani, Surmayi, Shabrani, Shamakhi marandi, Talibi, Tabrizi, Yalanchi shani, Zalkha, Zeynabi, Fuzuli agh kechimamasi, Fuzuli gara kechimamasi, Khalaj, Yalanchi shani, Ət marandi, Salyan uzumu, Nardaran darbandisi, Khan uzumuç Kal uzum, Bababeli, Ari uzumu, Sahibi, Sarigile (late grown sort), Sarıgile (mid grown sort), Girmizi marandi, Charaz, Gul marandi,

Raisin sorts: White oval raisin, White raisin, Asgari, Pink raisin, Khircha raisin, small yellow raisin, brown raisin, red raisin, Marmari raisin, Nakhchivan black raisin, Yellow raisin, round raisin, Absheron raisin, round yellow raisin, dash raisin.

Technical grape sorts: White angur, White kalanpur, White Almardan, White davagozu, White lkeni, White shireyi, White kalambir, Asma, Alikhanli, black grape, White Kharji, White shireyi, White shiray, Arayatli black grape, Gray Khindogni Bayanshire, Bilav grape, Hamashara, Dik kharji, Goyun gozu, Karimgandi, Black Salyan grape, Garghadili, Black marandi, Black sarma, Black lkeni, Black hanagirna, Goch uzumu, Re gamari, Red hanagirna, Dashgara, Mountain grape, Dabii gulabi, Danaburnu, Ahmadbayli white shireyisi, Sarmayi, Shireyi, Kura grape, Jalali, Zalkha, Zarani goranisi, Innabi, Grape with big bunch, Mukhtari, Madrasa, Malayi, Nakhchivan black grape, Rizagha, Yellow shireyi, Yellow grape, Black hachabash, Black aldara, Garaburnu, Red grape, Early-ripening golden grape, Yagubu, Tulagozu, Khalli grape, Khanlari, Khanim gobayi, Kharji, Khatmi, Khindogni, Chil gulabi, Wild grape, Goz uzum, Shahtakhti, Sixgara, Black shireyi, Black Aldara, Sykh salkhym - Dense bunch, Sysack, Talibi.

Universal sorts: Abbasi, Agh marandi, Agh aldara, Aghdam kechiamjayi, Arazvari, Ari marandi, Azmahsuldar (Durak), Badamli, Batikh, Bananiyar, Talibi, Goyungozu, Gara Darbandi, Duzali, Zeynaddin uzumu, Mashadi Ali, Narinjigila, Pishik uzumu, Sari aldara, Tabarza, Ganja kechimamasi, Ganja gizil uzumu, Khanimi, Gara khazani, Shangirey, Hafizali, Shakarbura, Alinja, Haji Ahmadi, Alimammadi, Amiri, Goy Hanagirna, Goy uzum. Shamakhi marandisi, Sirvanshahi, Yesheni, Fogeltrauben (Gush uzumu), Boyakhanı, Khungi, Leyli, Galshan, Beylagan gizil uzumu.